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17th November 2016
Exposure to cold may cause decreased body temperature (hypothermia) and focal soft-tissue injury. Tissue injury with freezing is frostbite. Tissue injury without freezing includes frostnip, immersion foot, and chilblains. Treatment is rewarming and selective, usually delayed, surgical treatment for injured tissues.
Susceptibility to all cold injury is increased by exhaustion, undernutrition, dehydration, hypoxia, impaired cardiovascular function, and contact with moisture or metal.